Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Vector-Borne Diseases:
vectors are living organisms that can spread contagious infections from animals to people or between humans. Insects that feed on blood from an infected host (human or animal) and consume disease-causing bacteria do make up a large portion of these vectors. Once the pathogen has multiplied, it is then transmitted into a new host. The infection can often be passed on for the rest of the vector's life through every consecutive bite or blood meal once the vector becomes infectious.

Infections that are transmitted through the bite of an infected arthropod species, such as a mosquito, tick, triatomine bug, sandfly, or blackfly, are known as vector-borne diseases. Arthropod vectors are particularly vulnerable to environmental changes due to their cold-blooded (ectothermic) nature.

A few diseases that are spread by vectors include 

• Malaria
• Lyme Disease
• West Nile Virus
• Dengue Fever, And Others.

Zoonotic Diseases:
A  zoonosis is an infectious illness that has spread from an animal to people. Zoonotic pathogens, which can infect humans through direct contact, food, water, the environment, or unconventional agents, can be bacterial, viral, parasitic, or other types of pathogens.

All infectious diseases, even those that have already been identified, include zoonoses to a large extent. Certain diseases, including as HIV, start off as zoonotic strains before evolving into forms that are exclusive to humans. Two zoonoses that can cause repeated disease outbreaks include salmonellosis and the ebola virus. Others, such as the brand-new coronavirus that causes COVID-19, have the capacity to spread globally and trigger pandemics.