Herpes

Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus infection (HSV). Along with other symptoms, it also results in sores or blisters developing in or around the mouth or genitalia.

The most widespread viruses are:

• The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles is herpes zoster.
• Type 1 HSV (Herpes simplex virus): Cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth or face are the most common symptoms of type 1 HSV. HSV-1 is spread through saliva contact (spit). Infected people may experience tingling, stinging, or burning around their mouths before sores appear. Each person experiences these symptoms differently and at different intervals.
• Type 2 HSV (Herpes simplex virus): In most cases, type 2 leads to sores on the genitalia (sexual organs) that develop on or around the genitalia, anus, buttocks, and inner thighs. Inside the vagina, sores can also appear. Sexual interaction is how HSV-2 spreads. Genital herpes symptoms that are mild or non-existent may go unnoticed. One or more vaginal or anal blisters or ulcers are present when symptoms of genital herpes first appear. Fever, bodily aches, and swollen lymph nodes are additional signs of a fresh infection.

Herpes has no known treatment; however it is treatable and can lessen the risk of recurrent outbreaks and partner transmission. For those with HSV infection, antiviral drugs including acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are the most effective treatments (see WHO recommendations). However, they cannot treat the infection; they can only help to lessen the intensity and frequency of the symptoms.