Virology is the scientific study of viruses and virus-like agents. A virus is a parasitic intracellular organism and that’s a protein-coated genetic material. When it comes to size, sha
Antivirals are substances that suppress the infection caused by viruses as well as the replication of viruses. Drugs called antivirals can be administered to either prevent or treat illnesses broug
The term “Antiviral” refers to a substance that either kills viruses or limits their ability to replicate, preventing them from spreading and reproducing.
It is crucial for th
Coronaviruses are a type of virus that can cause respiratory disease in humans. Due to the crown-like spikes on the surface of the virus, they are referred to as "corona." The severe acut
Medical virology and medical microbiology are concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infection spread in hospitals and the community.
Despite the fact that both of the
In particular, the current decade is concerned with the emergence of novel human infections and the re-emergence of several diseases.
Emerging viral disease: A disease that has recently r
Translational virology: The process of creating new information and scientific evidence for healthcare requirements is known as translational virology. As with the creation of COVID-19 drugs and va
The term "AIDS" refers to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a condition occurred by severe immunosuppression that can result in opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurol
Tropical medicine is a field of medicine that focuses on treating infectious and non-infectious disorders in tropical regions.
The three major infections in the tropics are
Interferon: Initially, interferons were thought to be an antiviral agent that prevented viral replication in mammalian cells. They are secreted by infected cells, where they cause cytokine s
Bacterial virology: Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular organisms with a single cell and no real nucleus. They also lack some other organelles.
Bacteriophages are so litt
The scientific study of microbial cell processes and characteristics is known as cellular microbiology. This field combines the methods and concepts of traditional cell biology and microbiology. Ex
Due to the convergence of numerous independent advances, diagnostic virology is quickly advancing into the clinical medicine mainstream.
First and foremost, the development of antiviral m
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been ground-breaking in reducing the severity of HIV from a fatal illness to a tolerable chronic condition, but it does not offer a cure. Patients must commit to ta
A virus is a tiny infectious organism that must enter a living cell in order to proliferate. It is much smaller than a fungus or bacterium.
Although viral infections can affect people of
Tumour virus infections are usually caused by oncogenic DNA or RNA viruses.
Two main mechanisms exist for how they can cause cancer.
Vector-Borne Diseases: vectors are living organisms that can spread contagious infections from animals to people or between humans. Insects that feed on blood from an infected host (human or
Viral hepatitis is an infection that damages and inflames the liver. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E are a few of the viruses that cause the disease. Acute infections caused by the hepatitis A and E vi
The study of immune responses to viruses is known as viral immunology. The immune system refers to a group of cells and proteins that work to defend the skin, nasal passages, intestinal tract, and
Viral oncology is a branch of oncology that focuses on using viral agents to treat malignancies. Oncovirus infections are widespread, but they rarely lead to malignancy. For the development of canc
Viral vaccines are used to prevent viral infections, usually these contains either attenuated or inactivated viruses.
Others contain antigens, which are fragments of viruses. Some c
Neuro virology is a multidisciplinary area that combines molecular biology, immunology, clinical neuroscience, and virology. The study of viruses that can
Foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, is introduced into host cells through a process called gene delivery. Gene expression must be induced via gene delivery into the host cell's DNA. T
The immune response is how your body recognises and protects itself against intruders, which can include a wide range of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungus that, if lef
Plant and agricultural virology is the study of viruses that infect plants. Virus connections with plants frequently lead to growth and yield limiting disease symptoms, ultimately leading to econom
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the greatest interfaces (250-400 m2) in the human body between the host, environmental factors, and antigens. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract i
Insect vector biology is deals with an insect that transmits pathogens, as well as its interactions with hosts and disease-causing organisms.
The study of viruses and their hosts is known
Microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, and parasites cause infectious disorders.
Doctors suspect an infection based on symptoms, physical examination findings, and risk facto
The study of pathogenic virus transmission through the environment (water, air, soil, etc.) and foods is known as food and environmental virology.
Viruses are transmitted through fo
Virology is the study of the infectious agents that cause disease in humans and animals. This covers the investigation of virulence underlying processes, virus epidemiology, and immunological respo
Viral vectors are tools used to deliver genetic material into cells. This procedure can be performed inside a living organism (in vivo) or in cell culture (in vitro). Viruses have evolved specific
A vaccination is a sort of medication that prepares the body's immune system to combat a disease it has not previously encountered. Vaccines are intended to prevent disease rather than to treat
A virus is an infectious microorganism composed of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) covered by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate on its own; rather, it must infect cells and utilise the component
Viruses are smaller and simpler than unicellular microbes, because they carry only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, never both. As viruses lack ribosomes, mitochondria, and other organe
When a group of viruses infects a person by the bite of an infected arthropod (insect), such as a tick or mosquito, it is referred to as an arboviral disease. Typically, these infections take place
Flu is a contagious respiratory illness brought on by influenza viruses that can sometimes spread to the lungs as well as the nose and throat. It can lead to mild to severe illness, and occasionall
Zika virus infection is a virus spread by mosquitoes that normally has no symptoms but can occasionally result in fever, rash, joint pain, or an infection of the membrane covering the white of the
The staphylococcus bacteria are what cause staph infections. Many healthy people frequently have these types of germs on their skin or in their noses. These bacteria frequently do no harm or only r
The bacteria known as mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB), primarily damages the lungs but can also harm the kidneys, spine, or brain. The disease TB is treatable and prevent
West nile fever is brought on by the single-stranded RNA virus known as the west nile virus (WNV). It belongs to the same genus as the zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus, flavivirus,
Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus infection (HSV). Along with other symptoms, it also results in sores or blisters developing in or around the mouth or genitalia.
The most wide
The ebola virus affects the entire body, causing severe tissue damage and inflammation. It is referred to as a hemorrhagic fever virus because it can disrupt the body's clotting mechanism and c
Dengue fever, which is spread by mosquitoes, is common in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Female mosquitoes, primarily of the species Aedes aegypti and albopictus, are the major carrie
