Ebola

The ebola virus affects the entire body, causing severe tissue damage and inflammation. It is referred to as a hemorrhagic fever virus because it can disrupt the body's clotting mechanism and cause internal bleeding as blood leaks from tiny blood vessels. The ebola virus causes an acute, deadly illness that, if left untreated, frequently results in death.

EVD mostly affects nonhuman primates (such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees) and people. It is brought on by an infection with a subfamily of the ebolavirus:

  • Ebola virus (species Zaire ebolavirus)
  • Sudan virus (species Sudan ebolavirus)
  • Tai Forest virus (species Tai Forest ebolavirus, formerly Ivory Coast ebolavirus)
  • Bundibugyo virus (species Bundibugyo ebolavirus)
  • Reston virus (species Reston ebolavirus)
  • Bombali virus (species Bombali ebolavirus)

Only four of these (ebola, sudan, tai forest, and bundibugyo viruses) have been linked to human disease. Pigs and nonhuman primates can get sick from the reston virus, but humans haven't been affected by it yet.

Blood, saliva, sweat, tears, mucus, vomit, faeces, breast milk, urine, and semen from ebola-infected individuals can be directly contacted to spread the disease. Touching objects that have been polluted with these fluids also spreads it. After contracting the virus, symptoms typically appear anywhere from two days to three weeks later. Typically, fever, sore throat, headaches, and muscle pain are the initial signs of an infection. These are typically followed by nausea, diarrhoea, rash, and a reduction in the function of the liver and kidneys, at which time some persons start to bleed both internally and externally.

Ebola has no known treatment. For the treatment of ebola, two medications have received approval:

  • Inmazeb (combination of three monoclonal antibodies atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab-ebgn). 
  • A monoclonal antibody administered via injection is called ansuvimab-zykl (ebanga). It aids in blocking the virus' entry into the cell by stopping it from binding to the cell receptor.
     

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Ebola

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